Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Molecular Detection of Integrons, Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim Resistance of Extra Drug-Resistant <i>Escherichia</i><i>coli</i> Isolates

Background: Escherichia coli, a gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent for approximately 80% of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTI treatment has resulted in overuse antibiotics hospitals and communities, subsequently increase antimicrobial resistance. The emergence extensively drug resistance (XDR) strains become costly dangerous challenge most bacterial UTIs. Objective: This study aimed to determine frequency XDR isolates investigate distribution common sulfonamide- (sul1, sul2, &amp; sul3) trimethoprim (dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14)-related genes among E. coli from patients. Furthermore, were sought presence class 1 2 integrons (Int1 Int2) isolates. Materials Methods: 120 uropathogenic-E. recovered cases Mashhad assessed 2017-2019. Overall, 39 out identified as they resistant all classes tested antibiotics, except two or fewer comprising quinolones (first second generation), cephalosporins third penicillins, tetracyclines, sulfonamide-trimethoprim. Results: susceptibility testing (AST) results determined substantial rate against cloxacillin (98.3%), oxacillin cephalexin (94.17%). According polymerase-chain reaction results, sul1 dfrA14 with 35 (89.74%) 28 (71.79%) prevalent In addition, int1 int2 detected 23 (58.9%) 8 (20.5%) isolates, respectively. conclusion, was highlighted UTI. Conclusion: Based on present research findings, I play major role dissemination gene cassettes, including sul dfr should be investigated future.